Pola Circuit Breaker untuk Panggilan API CAPTCHA

Ketika API CAPTCHA lambat atau menghasilkan error, terus mengirim request hanya membuang waktu dan uang. Pola circuit breaker berhenti memanggil API yang gagal, menunggu pemulihan, lalu melanjutkan secara otomatis — mencegah kegagalan berjenjang di pipeline Anda.

Cara Kerja Circuit Breaker

Tiga state:

1. Closed — Operasi normal. Request diproses. Kegagalan dihitung.
2. Open — Terlalu banyak kegagalan. Semua request langsung ditolak tanpa memanggil API.
3. Half-Open — Setelah periode cooldown, satu request percobaan diizinkan. Jika berhasil, sirkuit ditutup. Jika gagal, sirkuit terbuka kembali.

Implementasi Python

import time
import threading
import requests

SUBMIT_URL = "https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php"
RESULT_URL = "https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php"
API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"


class CircuitBreaker:
    def __init__(self, failure_threshold=5, recovery_timeout=60):
        self.failure_threshold = failure_threshold
        self.recovery_timeout = recovery_timeout
        self.failure_count = 0
        self.last_failure_time = 0
        self.state = "closed"  # closed, open, half-open
        self._lock = threading.Lock()

    def call(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
        with self._lock:
            if self.state == "open":
                if time.time() - self.last_failure_time > self.recovery_timeout:
                    self.state = "half-open"
                    print("[circuit] State: half-open — testing one request")
                else:
                    remaining = self.recovery_timeout - (
                        time.time() - self.last_failure_time
                    )
                    raise CircuitOpenError(
                        f"Circuit open — retry in {remaining:.0f}s"
                    )

        try:
            result = func(*args, **kwargs)
            with self._lock:
                self.failure_count = 0
                if self.state == "half-open":
                    print("[circuit] State: closed — API recovered")
                self.state = "closed"
            return result
        except Exception as e:
            with self._lock:
                self.failure_count += 1
                self.last_failure_time = time.time()
                if self.failure_count >= self.failure_threshold:
                    self.state = "open"
                    print(
                        f"[circuit] State: open — "
                        f"{self.failure_count} failures"
                    )
            raise


class CircuitOpenError(Exception):
    pass


def solve_captcha(sitekey, page_url):
    resp = requests.post(SUBMIT_URL, data={
        "key": API_KEY,
        "method": "userrecaptcha",
        "googlekey": sitekey,
        "pageurl": page_url,
        "json": "1",
    }, timeout=15)
    data = resp.json()
    if data["status"] != 1:
        raise Exception(f"Submit error: {data['request']}")

    task_id = data["request"]
    for _ in range(24):
        time.sleep(5)
        poll = requests.get(RESULT_URL, params={
            "key": API_KEY,
            "action": "get",
            "id": task_id,
            "json": "1",
        }, timeout=15).json()
        if poll["status"] == 1:
            return poll["request"]
        if poll["request"] != "CAPCHA_NOT_READY":
            raise Exception(f"Poll error: {poll['request']}")
    raise TimeoutError(f"Task {task_id} timed out")


# Usage
breaker = CircuitBreaker(failure_threshold=3, recovery_timeout=30)

for i in range(10):
    try:
        token = breaker.call(
            solve_captcha, "6Le-SITEKEY", "https://example.com"
        )
        print(f"[task-{i}] Solved: {token[:40]}...")
    except CircuitOpenError as e:
        print(f"[task-{i}] Skipped: {e}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[task-{i}] Failed: {e}")

Hasil yang diharapkan:

[task-0] Solved: 03AGdBq26ZfPxL...
[task-1] Solved: 03AGdBq27AbCdE...
[task-2] Failed: Submit error: ERROR_NO_SLOT_AVAILABLE
[task-3] Failed: Submit error: ERROR_NO_SLOT_AVAILABLE
[task-4] Failed: Submit error: ERROR_NO_SLOT_AVAILABLE
[circuit] State: open — 3 failures
[task-5] Skipped: Circuit open — retry in 28s
[task-6] Skipped: Circuit open — retry in 25s
...
[circuit] State: half-open — testing one request
[task-8] Solved: 03AGdBq28FgHiJ...
[circuit] State: closed — API recovered

Implementasi JavaScript

class CircuitBreaker {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.failureThreshold = options.failureThreshold || 5;
    this.recoveryTimeout = options.recoveryTimeout || 60000;
    this.failureCount = 0;
    this.lastFailureTime = 0;
    this.state = 'closed';
  }

  async call(fn, ...args) {
    if (this.state === 'open') {
      if (Date.now() - this.lastFailureTime > this.recoveryTimeout) {
        this.state = 'half-open';
        console.log('[circuit] State: half-open');
      } else {
        const remaining = this.recoveryTimeout - (Date.now() - this.lastFailureTime);
        throw new Error(`Circuit open — retry in ${Math.ceil(remaining / 1000)}s`);
      }
    }

    try {
      const result = await fn(...args);
      this.failureCount = 0;
      if (this.state === 'half-open') {
        console.log('[circuit] State: closed — recovered');
      }
      this.state = 'closed';
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      this.failureCount++;
      this.lastFailureTime = Date.now();
      if (this.failureCount >= this.failureThreshold) {
        this.state = 'open';
        console.log(`[circuit] State: open — ${this.failureCount} failures`);
      }
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

// Usage
const axios = require('axios');

const API_KEY = 'YOUR_API_KEY';
const breaker = new CircuitBreaker({ failureThreshold: 3, recoveryTimeout: 30000 });

async function solveCaptcha(sitekey, pageurl) {
  const submit = await axios.post('https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php', null, {
    params: { key: API_KEY, method: 'userrecaptcha', googlekey: sitekey, pageurl, json: 1 }
  });

  if (submit.data.status !== 1) throw new Error(submit.data.request);
  const taskId = submit.data.request;

  for (let i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 5000));
    const poll = await axios.get('https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php', {
      params: { key: API_KEY, action: 'get', id: taskId, json: 1 }
    });
    if (poll.data.status === 1) return poll.data.request;
    if (poll.data.request !== 'CAPCHA_NOT_READY') throw new Error(poll.data.request);
  }
  throw new Error('Timeout');
}

(async () => {
  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    try {
      const token = await breaker.call(solveCaptcha, '6Le-SITEKEY', 'https://example.com');
      console.log(`[task-${i}] Solved: ${token.substring(0, 40)}...`);
    } catch (err) {
      console.log(`[task-${i}] ${err.message}`);
    }
  }
})();

Memilih Threshold

Tetapkan failure threshold cukup tinggi untuk mentoleransi error intermiten (satu timeout tidak akan menjatuhkan sirkuit) namun cukup rendah untuk berhenti menyerang API yang gagal.

Menggabungkan dengan Logika Retry

Gunakan logika retry di dalam circuit breaker. Circuit breaker menghitung kegagalan terakhir (setelah semua retry habis):

def solve_with_retry(sitekey, page_url, max_retries=2):
    for attempt in range(max_retries + 1):
        try:
            return solve_captcha(sitekey, page_url)
        except Exception:
            if attempt == max_retries:
                raise
            time.sleep(2 ** attempt)

# Circuit breaker wraps the retry function
token = breaker.call(solve_with_retry, "6Le-SITEKEY", "https://example.com")

Pemecahan Masalah

Pertanyaan Umum

Haruskah saya menggunakan circuit breaker terpisah untuk submit dan poll?

Ya, untuk sistem skala besar. Endpoint submit mungkin gagal saat polling masih berfungsi (atau sebaliknya). Circuit breaker terpisah memberi kontrol lebih baik.

Apa yang harus dilakukan saat sirkuit terbuka?

Antrikan task CAPTCHA untuk nanti, tampilkan UI fallback, atau lewati operasi. Lihat Graceful Degradation Saat Solve Gagal.

Panduan Terkait

• Referensi Kode Error CaptchaAI
• Graceful Degradation Saat Solve Gagal