Membangun Antrian Pemecahan CAPTCHA dengan Python dan CaptchaAI

Saat scraping dalam skala besar, Anda memerlukan lebih dari satu penyelesaian CAPTCHA dalam satu waktu. Sistem antrian memisahkan pengiriman CAPTCHA dari pengambilan hasil, memungkinkan penyelesaian paralel pada ratusan tugas.

Mengapa Menggunakan Antrian?

Penyelesaian CAPTCHA satu-per-satu membuang waktu menunggu. Sistem antrian:

• Segera kirimkan semua CAPTCHA
• Lakukan polling beberapa ID tugas secara paralel
• Retry yang gagal secara otomatis
• Kontrol concurrency untuk mematuhi batas rate API
• Sediakan pelacakan kemajuan dan callback

Antrian threading dasar

import time
import threading
import requests
from queue import Queue, Empty

API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"


class CaptchaQueue:
    """Thread-based CAPTCHA solving queue."""

    def __init__(self, api_key, max_workers=10):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.task_queue = Queue()
        self.result_queue = Queue()
        self.max_workers = max_workers
        self.workers = []

    def submit(self, method, callback=None, **params):
        """Add a CAPTCHA task to the queue."""
        task = {
            "method": method,
            "params": params,
            "callback": callback,
        }
        self.task_queue.put(task)

    def start(self):
        """Start worker threads."""
        for _ in range(self.max_workers):
            t = threading.Thread(target=self._worker, daemon=True)
            t.start()
            self.workers.append(t)

    def wait(self):
        """Wait for all tasks to complete."""
        self.task_queue.join()

    def get_results(self):
        """Get all available results."""
        results = []
        while not self.result_queue.empty():
            try:
                results.append(self.result_queue.get_nowait())
            except Empty:
                break
        return results

    def _worker(self):
        while True:
            try:
                task = self.task_queue.get(timeout=1)
            except Empty:
                continue

            try:
                result = self._solve(task["method"], **task["params"])
                entry = {"status": "solved", "result": result, "task": task}
                self.result_queue.put(entry)
                if task["callback"]:
                    task["callback"](result)
            except Exception as e:
                entry = {"status": "error", "error": str(e), "task": task}
                self.result_queue.put(entry)
            finally:
                self.task_queue.task_done()

    def _solve(self, method, **params):
        submit = requests.post("https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php", data={
            "key": self.api_key, "method": method, "json": 1, **params,
        }, timeout=30).json()

        if submit.get("status") != 1:
            raise Exception(f"Submit error: {submit.get('request')}")

        task_id = submit["request"]
        for _ in range(30):
            time.sleep(5)
            result = requests.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", params={
                "key": self.api_key, "action": "get", "id": task_id, "json": 1,
            }, timeout=30).json()
            if result.get("status") == 1:
                return result["request"]
            if result.get("request") == "ERROR_CAPTCHA_UNSOLVABLE":
                raise Exception("CAPTCHA unsolvable")
        raise TimeoutError("Solve timed out")


# Usage
queue = CaptchaQueue(API_KEY, max_workers=5)
queue.start()

# Submit multiple CAPTCHAs
urls_and_sitekeys = [
    ("https://example.com/page1", "SITEKEY_1"),
    ("https://example.com/page2", "SITEKEY_2"),
    ("https://example.com/page3", "SITEKEY_3"),
]

for url, sitekey in urls_and_sitekeys:
    queue.submit("userrecaptcha", googlekey=sitekey, pageurl=url)

queue.wait()
results = queue.get_results()
print(f"Solved {len(results)} CAPTCHAs")
for r in results:
    print(f"  {r['status']}: {r.get('result', r.get('error', ''))[:50]}")

Antrian async dengan asyncio

import asyncio
import aiohttp

API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"


class AsyncCaptchaQueue:
    """Async CAPTCHA solving queue with concurrency control."""

    def __init__(self, api_key, max_concurrent=10):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(max_concurrent)
        self.results = []

    async def solve_batch(self, tasks):
        """Solve a batch of CAPTCHA tasks concurrently."""
        coros = [self._solve_task(task) for task in tasks]
        self.results = await asyncio.gather(*coros, return_exceptions=True)
        return self.results

    async def _solve_task(self, task):
        async with self.semaphore:
            return await self._solve(task["method"], **task["params"])

    async def _solve(self, method, **params):
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
            # Submit
            async with session.post("https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php", data={
                "key": self.api_key, "method": method, "json": 1, **params,
            }) as resp:
                data = await resp.json(content_type=None)
                if data.get("status") != 1:
                    raise Exception(f"Submit error: {data.get('request')}")
                task_id = data["request"]

            # Poll
            for _ in range(30):
                await asyncio.sleep(5)
                async with session.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", params={
                    "key": self.api_key, "action": "get", "id": task_id, "json": 1,
                }) as resp:
                    result = await resp.json(content_type=None)
                    if result.get("status") == 1:
                        return result["request"]
                    if result.get("request") == "ERROR_CAPTCHA_UNSOLVABLE":
                        raise Exception("CAPTCHA unsolvable")

            raise TimeoutError("Solve timed out")


# Usage
async def main():
    queue = AsyncCaptchaQueue(API_KEY, max_concurrent=5)

    tasks = [
        {"method": "userrecaptcha", "params": {"googlekey": f"SITEKEY_{i}", "pageurl": f"https://example.com/page{i}"}}
        for i in range(10)
    ]

    results = await queue.solve_batch(tasks)
    for i, result in enumerate(results):
        if isinstance(result, Exception):
            print(f"Task {i}: ERROR — {result}")
        else:
            print(f"Task {i}: {result[:50]}...")


asyncio.run(main())

Pola Producer-Consumer

Untuk beban kerja scraping berkelanjutan di mana halaman ditemukan secara dinamis:

import asyncio
import aiohttp

API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"


class ProducerConsumerQueue:
    """Continuous CAPTCHA solving with producer-consumer pattern."""

    def __init__(self, api_key, queue_size=100, num_consumers=5):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.queue = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=queue_size)
        self.num_consumers = num_consumers
        self.solved_count = 0
        self.error_count = 0
        self.running = True

    async def produce(self, tasks):
        """Producer: feed CAPTCHA tasks into the queue."""
        for task in tasks:
            await self.queue.put(task)
        # Signal consumers to stop
        for _ in range(self.num_consumers):
            await self.queue.put(None)

    async def consume(self, result_handler):
        """Consumer: solve CAPTCHAs and call result handler."""
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
            while True:
                task = await self.queue.get()
                if task is None:
                    self.queue.task_done()
                    break

                try:
                    result = await self._solve(session, task["method"], **task["params"])
                    self.solved_count += 1
                    if result_handler:
                        await result_handler(task, result)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.error_count += 1
                    print(f"Error: {e}")
                finally:
                    self.queue.task_done()

    async def run(self, tasks, result_handler=None):
        """Run the producer-consumer pipeline."""
        # Start producer
        producer = asyncio.create_task(self.produce(tasks))

        # Start consumers
        consumers = [
            asyncio.create_task(self.consume(result_handler))
            for _ in range(self.num_consumers)
        ]

        # Wait for everything to finish
        await producer
        await asyncio.gather(*consumers)

        print(f"Complete: {self.solved_count} solved, {self.error_count} errors")

    async def _solve(self, session, method, **params):
        async with session.post("https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php", data={
            "key": self.api_key, "method": method, "json": 1, **params,
        }) as resp:
            data = await resp.json(content_type=None)
            if data.get("status") != 1:
                raise Exception(f"Submit: {data.get('request')}")
            task_id = data["request"]

        for _ in range(30):
            await asyncio.sleep(5)
            async with session.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", params={
                "key": self.api_key, "action": "get", "id": task_id, "json": 1,
            }) as resp:
                result = await resp.json(content_type=None)
                if result.get("status") == 1:
                    return result["request"]
        raise TimeoutError("Timed out")


# Usage
async def handle_result(task, token):
    url = task["params"]["pageurl"]
    print(f"Solved for {url}: {token[:30]}...")


async def main():
    queue = ProducerConsumerQueue(API_KEY, num_consumers=5)

    tasks = [
        {"method": "userrecaptcha", "params": {"googlekey": f"SITEKEY_{i}", "pageurl": f"https://example.com/page{i}"}}
        for i in range(20)
    ]

    await queue.run(tasks, result_handler=handle_result)


asyncio.run(main())

Antrian prioritas

Ketika beberapa CAPTCHA lebih penting dibandingkan yang lain:

import asyncio
from dataclasses import dataclass, field

API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"


@dataclass(order=True)
class PriorityTask:
    priority: int
    task: dict = field(compare=False)


class PriorityCaptchaQueue:
    """CAPTCHA queue with priority levels."""

    def __init__(self, api_key, num_workers=5):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.queue = asyncio.PriorityQueue()
        self.num_workers = num_workers
        self.results = {}

    async def submit(self, task_id, method, priority=5, **params):
        """Submit with priority (lower number = higher priority)."""
        await self.queue.put(PriorityTask(
            priority=priority,
            task={"id": task_id, "method": method, "params": params},
        ))

    async def process(self):
        """Process all queued tasks by priority."""
        workers = [asyncio.create_task(self._worker()) for _ in range(self.num_workers)]

        # Wait for queue to drain
        await self.queue.join()

        # Cancel workers
        for w in workers:
            w.cancel()

        return self.results

    async def _worker(self):
        import aiohttp
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
            while True:
                item = await self.queue.get()
                task = item.task
                try:
                    result = await self._solve(session, task["method"], **task["params"])
                    self.results[task["id"]] = {"status": "solved", "token": result}
                except Exception as e:
                    self.results[task["id"]] = {"status": "error", "error": str(e)}
                finally:
                    self.queue.task_done()

    async def _solve(self, session, method, **params):
        import aiohttp
        async with session.post("https://ocr.captchaai.com/in.php", data={
            "key": self.api_key, "method": method, "json": 1, **params,
        }) as resp:
            data = await resp.json(content_type=None)
            if data.get("status") != 1:
                raise Exception(data.get("request"))
            task_id = data["request"]

        for _ in range(30):
            await asyncio.sleep(5)
            async with session.get("https://ocr.captchaai.com/res.php", params={
                "key": self.api_key, "action": "get", "id": task_id, "json": 1,
            }) as resp:
                result = await resp.json(content_type=None)
                if result.get("status") == 1:
                    return result["request"]
        raise TimeoutError()


# Usage
async def main():
    pq = PriorityCaptchaQueue(API_KEY, num_workers=3)

    # High priority — checkout pages
    await pq.submit("checkout_1", "turnstile", priority=1, sitekey="KEY", pageurl="https://shop.com/checkout")

    # Normal priority — product pages
    for i in range(5):
        await pq.submit(f"product_{i}", "userrecaptcha", priority=5, googlekey="KEY", pageurl=f"https://shop.com/p/{i}")

    # Low priority — info pages
    for i in range(3):
        await pq.submit(f"info_{i}", "userrecaptcha", priority=10, googlekey="KEY", pageurl=f"https://shop.com/info/{i}")

    results = await pq.process()
    for task_id, result in results.items():
        print(f"{task_id}: {result['status']}")


asyncio.run(main())

Pemantauan dan pelaporan

import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field


@dataclass
class QueueMetrics:
    submitted: int = 0
    solved: int = 0
    failed: int = 0
    total_solve_time: float = 0.0
    start_time: float = field(default_factory=time.time)

    @property
    def avg_solve_time(self):
        return self.total_solve_time / self.solved if self.solved else 0

    @property
    def success_rate(self):
        total = self.solved + self.failed
        return (self.solved / total * 100) if total else 0

    @property
    def throughput(self):
        elapsed = time.time() - self.start_time
        return self.solved / elapsed * 60 if elapsed > 0 else 0

    def report(self):
        return (
            f"Submitted: {self.submitted} | "
            f"Solved: {self.solved} | "
            f"Failed: {self.failed} | "
            f"Avg time: {self.avg_solve_time:.1f}s | "
            f"Success: {self.success_rate:.1f}% | "
            f"Throughput: {self.throughput:.0f}/min"
        )

Pemecahan Masalah

Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan

Berapa banyak penyelesaian concurrent yang bisa saya jalankan?

CaptchaAI menangani concurrency di sisi server. Mulai dengan 10 worker concurrent dan tingkatkan berdasarkan batas paket Anda. Periksa ERROR_NO_SLOT_AVAILABLE untuk mengetahui kapan harus throttling.

Haruskah saya menggunakan threading atau asyncio?

Gunakan asyncio untuk proyek baru — lebih efisien untuk penyelesaian CAPTCHA yang I/O-bound. Gunakan threading jika mengintegrasikan ke dalam kode sinkron yang sudah ada.

Bagaimana cara menangani rate limit API?

Gunakan semaphore (async) atau antrian terbatas (threading) untuk membatasi permintaan concurrent. Tambahkan jeda singkat antar pengiriman jika Anda mendapat ERROR_NO_SLOT_AVAILABLE.

Ringkasan

Antrian pemecahan CAPTCHA memisahkan pengiriman dari polling, memungkinkan penyelesaian paralel dengan CaptchaAI. Pilih threading untuk kode sinkron, asyncio untuk Python modern, dan producer-consumer untuk beban kerja berkelanjutan.

Panduan Terkait

• Antrian Pemecahan CAPTCHA di Node.js
• Membangun Pipeline CAPTCHA Klien CaptchaAI
• Panduan Lengkap Python Playwright + CaptchaAI